Automatic telephone system



957 w. H. BLASHFIELD ETAL. 2,732,257

AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE SYSTEM Filed July 25. 1951 15 Sheets-Sheet s 20 sea TRUNK 300 WILLIAM H. BLASHFIELD JAMES M. BLACKHALL BY ARNE OXAAL WALTER J. BERGMAN ATTYS.

Feb. 19, 1

Filed July 23, 1951 W. H. BLASH FIELD ETAL 2,782,257

AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE SYSTEM 15 Sheets-Sheet 5 PUNCH WHEN ENERGIZED y ARNE OXAAL WALTER J. BERGMAN ATTYS.

' Feb. 19, 1957 Filed July 23, 1951 W. H. BLASHFIELD ETAL AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE SYSTEM 15 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENTORS. WILLIAM H. BLASHFIELD JAMES M. BLAOKHALL y ARNE OXAA I WALTER J. BE fiGMAN ATTYS.

Feb. 19, 1957 w. H. BLASHFIELD ETAL AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE SYSTEM 13 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed July 25, 1951 L 'HouRs UNITS 72 HOURS TENTH Z25 6 T OPERATION 525 HOURS TENTHS SW.

989: oO0 I 000 ooc oin FORWARD STEP FORWARD STEP 0 I 991 |8 967 5 9ea l 998 j HOURS.TEN$,AND UNITS SW.

I043 1 INVENTORS.

WILLIAM H. BLASHFIELD JAMES M. aucxmu.

BY ARNE OXAAL WALTER J. BERGMAN I ima Feb. 19, 1957 Filed July 25, 1951 FIG. IO

MONTHS SWITCH I069 W. H. BLASHFIELD ETAL 2,782,257

AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE SYSTEM 1s Sheets-Sheet 10 DAYS, TENS AND UNITS SWITCH I068 I002 DAYS uun's f I000 a TRANS FER RS. .WILLIAM H. BLASHFIELD JAMES M. BLACKHALL BY ARNE OXAAL WALTER J. BERGMAN M MWfW ATTYS.

1957 w. H. BLASHFIELD ETAL 2,782,257

AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE; SYSTEM 13 Sheets-Sheef 11 Filed July 25. 1951 NEE.

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D L M N TH A A N M E K G VMC R NB I L X m u u L JARA WJAW Y B Feb. 1957 w. H. BLASHFIELD ETAL 2,732,257

AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE SYSTEM 15 Sheets-Sheet 12 Filed July 23, 1951 mzmp 259.

WILLIAM H A M. BLACKHALL v 2.65 mt &

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United States Patent 9 AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE SYSTEM William H. Blashfield and James M. Blackhall, Galion, Arne Oxaal, Kenton, and Walter J. Bergman, Galion, Ohio, assignors to North Electric Company, a corporation of Ohio Application July 23, 1951, Serial No. 238,092

48 Claims. (Cl. 179-71) The present invention relates in general to automatic telephone systems, and in particular to automatic toll ticketing equipment for use in an automatic telephone exchange.

With the recent rapid increase in the number of dial telephone installations and the consequent replacement of operators with automatic switching equipment, the problem of handling the so-called short-haul toll calls, as for example, the calls made between the dial exchanges in two neighboring or adjacent towns, has become particularly difficult. This is especially true in the case of small manual exchanges in which only one or two operators are required to handle local and toll calls prior to conversion to an automatic system. That is, it is apparent that if after conversion it is necessary to retain an operator to handle only the short haul toll calls, the conversion of the manual exchange to an automatic exchange cannot be justified, for the same operator could also handle the local switching.

The problem involved in the conversion of manual exchanges to completely automatic installations has long been recognized in the field, and there have been various partial solutions to the problem involving special trunking arrangements and special circuits to permit operators at distant points to complete toll calls. With the increased cost of operating manual exchanges, and the increased cost of line construction, these special trunking arrangements and circuits have become both complex and expensive and it has become increasingly apparent that the problem has not been satisfactorily solved by these prior methods. It is an object of this invention, therefore, to provide a toll ticketing arrangement which-is adapted for use in automatic telephone exchanges, and specifically, for use in the smaller type exchanges, whereby the conversion of small exchanges to dial equipment is rendered economically feasible. 7

Simplicity and economy of equipment are of utmost importance in the provision of a ticketing system for use in a low rate, low volume trafiic installation such as encountered in the smaller size telephone exchanges. In most of the known arrangements now used in the establishment of toll calls between automatic exchanges, certain of these qualifications have been conspicuously absent.

In a first arrangement, conventionally known as the so-called dial back. system, an operator is located at only one of two or more exchanges, and a toll call to a subscriber in a distant exchange by a subscriber in an automatic exchange which does not have an operator, is established by first dialling the operators ofiice, who then dials back over the trunk on which the call was received to complete the connection to the subscriber at the desired exchange. Such procedure, while eliminating the operator in at least one exchange in a group, requires additional expensive toll line equipment, as it restricts both the circuit to the operator oflice and the circuit between the dial exchanges from further use during the period of a call.

2,782,257 Patented Feb. is, 1957 A modification of the dial back system which has been used to reduce the circuit usage, permits the operator to release the trunk to her ofiice as the connection is estab- 'lished, whereby only the toll line between the subscribers in the two dial exchanges is held for the call duration. With the operator released, however, it is not possible to time the call, and certain subscribers recognizing this condition tend to engage in unnecessarily long conversations from which no corresponding revenue is derived. Automatic time disconnect can, of course, be provided in some instances to interrupt the call after a predetermined time, but experience has shown that such arrangement generally meets with unfavorable customer reaction.

Another modified arrangement comprises adaptation of the exchanges of two short haul exchanges for connection through a third office at which an operator is available. This method is also wasteful of toll line mileage, as a route through the manual ofiice may be considerably longer than the direct route between the two dial exchanges. Furthermore the services of an operator on short haul calls may cost more than the revenue derived from the call.

A third practice is to abandon the toll charge between adjacent automatic exchanges, thereby permitting subscribers to dial nearby exchanges on what is known as a free service basis. It must be realized, however, that the term free service is misleading as the cost of providing this service must be spread among all the subscribers at both exchanges. Thus the subscribers who make little use of the so-called free service are helping to pay for the parties who have occasion to use such facility on a more extensive basis. Furthermore free service increases the amount of traffic so that an operating company may be faced with the necessity of constant- Iy providing more circuits between the exchanges. Free service systems have therefore generally proven unsatisfactory as an answer to the problem of conversion.

During the recent period of wide spread conversion of small exchanges to dial operation these problems have become increasingly troublesome and the need for some form of automatic ticketing equipment which permits a toll call in a dial system to be completed in a manner similar to a local call therein has become particularly apparent. Inasmuch as revenue must be derived on an equitable basis from the parties who use the service, it follows that the ticketing equipment must include means for automatically recording given information concerning each call which is so made for subsequent billing purposes.

It is a specific object of this invention therefore to provide ticketing equipment which provides an equitable basis for billing subscribers, and specifically, to provide equipment of a simple design and economical construction which is especially adapted for use in the ticketing of calls in low rate, low volume traffic installations. It is another object of the invention to provide equipment which is readily transferable from one location to another, to thereby insure maximum usage of the investment of the operating companies. It is a further specific object of the invention to provide toll ticketing equipment of an economical type which is readily adapted for use with existing automatic exchanges.

Further objects and features of the invention will become apparent from the following specification and claims when taken with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 illustrates in schematic block form a pair of automatic telephone exchanges which is adapted to provide automatic ticketing of calls established therebeswitching units, trunk circuits and the register equipment individual thereto;

Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the switching and trunk equipment at the non-recorder end of the arrangement (exchange B);

Figures 8-10 illustrate in schematic form the calendar and clock equipment at the recorder end of the arrange- V GENERAL DESCRIPTION The automatic ticketing equipment of the invention is basically operative to effect the registration of the calling number, called number, talking time and the particular month, day and hour and tenth of hour of each call established between exchange A and exchange B. While the ticketing equipment in the present embodiment is illustrated as becoming effective with the establishment of a call from a subscriber of one exchange to a subscriber in a distant exchange, it is obvious, of course, that calls between local subscribers may be similarly ticketed if so desired.

One of the distinguishing features of the present arrangement is the manner in which the calling the subscriber is required to identify his line with the establishment of a call to be ticketed by dialling his own number prior to the dialling of the called subscriber number. Such manner of identification is essential to the elimination of a large amount of automatic identifying units and the provision of an economical and practical type arrangement. In the provision of identifying means of this type, it is of course essential to provide a checking system to prevent unscrupulous parties from dialling the line number of another subscriber to escape billing for the call. A further feature of the invention is the manner in which a regular switching link in the local exchange is seized in response to the dialling of the number of the calling party and is automatically operative to verify the fact that the dialling was received from the line indicated. The elimination of special links for checking purposes is a further advance in the provision of an economical type ticketing arrangement.

The method of recording the information concerning a call as established must also be of the simplest nature in order to keep the cost within reason. The equipment of the arrangement is adapted to meet this requirement,

each of the trunk circuits being adapted to receive both the calling and called numbers directly from the dial and to effect the direct recording of these pulses with no intervening translating equipment. Each trunk has its own recorder which comprises two simple magnet members for punching and stepping an associate tape in accordance with the nature of the pulses received.

The recorder consists basically of a punch magnet adapted to perforate a tape and a step magnet to feed the tape through the recorder. The step magnet operates each time the punch magnet is energized and also can be operated independently to provide additional spaces between series of perforations. Specifically, each trunk comprises a pulsing unit which is operated directly by the pulses received over the established connection to operate the punch to perforate the tape member a number of times corresponding to the value of the digits received with a space between digits, wider spaces between groups of information, and a still wider space between calls. The duration of the conversation is registered by a common clock which via a trunk effects the punching of a hole once each minute, and the date and time of day are recorded digitally from a calendar as will be pleted in the normal manner.

described hereinafter. Only one clock with fifteen second and six minute contacts and one calendar are used in the arrangement.

One end of the arrangement is designated as a recorder end and the other end as the non-recorder end, whereby only one exchange need be equipped with recorder equipment. The trunk equipment used in extending connections between the exchanges comprises the well known two-way trunk repeater type circuits, each trunk circuit at the recorder end including a register unit, whereby whenever a pair of trunk circuits are utilized in the establishment of a connection in either direction, the information is registered on the register at the recorder trunk.

In the establishment of a call over the system, the subscriber first dials a single digit trunk code to seize the desired trunk equipment, then dials his own number, followed by the desired number in the distant exchange. Ringing, answering, talking and release follow as on the local exchange call. Assuming the call originated from the recording end, the dialing of the trunk code completes a circuit for the subscribers telephone through the regular exchange link to the trunk. The trunk immediately seizes a regular link for checking purposes and when the subscriber dials his own number immediately there after, the impulses are registered on the recorder and are also transmitted to the link which has been seized for checking purposes.

With the dialling of his line number a connection is extended through the link, which has been seized for checking purposes, back to the calling line. At this time the trunk circuit momentarily flashes (answers and unanswers) the regular link, and the calling line receives answer supervision in the normal manner, which supervision is picked up by the check link and carried back to the trunk. If the flash received by the trunk over the local loop circuit coincides with the one transmitted, the identity of the calling line is verified. If the subscriber dials a line number other than his own, the loop back through the check link is not completed, and the flash is not received, in which case the trunk returns busy signal and blocks further dialling. As soon as the check has been made, the link which has been seized for checking, automatically releases and is made available for other calls. The links can, of course, be a special set of links, but the use of regular exchange links modified to transmit supervision back to the links in the necessary manner is considered an essential feature of the invention.

When the subscriber dials the called number (assuming that his own number has been checked satisfactorily), the digits are registered on the recorder associated with the seized trunk and are simultaneously transmitted over the trunk to the distant otlice Where the connection is com- When the call is answered the trunk engages a timer and calendar equipment which is common to all the trunks. The timer consists of a clock which transmits an impulse once each fifteen seconds to any trunk that has been answered which trunk counts the impulses and translates them to minutes thereby recording as perforations the duration of conversations in minutes. Specifically, a hole is punched on answer and once each minute thereafter, so that the total number of holes represents the total chargeable minutes for the call. The calendar comprises relay counting circuits, or rotary switches, or mechanically geared contacts, which are driven from the clock at six minute intervals to register the time of day and date, and when the trunk is connected to the calendar, the calendar transmits digit impulses to the recorder representing the month, day and time of day. The information is recorded on a decimal basis with two digits for the month, two digits for the day. two digits for the hour of day, and one digit for the tenth of the hour.

When the calling party hangs up following completion .of trunk circuits 16-25 and trunkli-nes 24.

def 1avcall, the. locaLexchangexlinks are released; so-that. the vlocal lines 4 are 1 immediately available for further .icalls. .lI'herseized. trunk isheld however,: evenv itv release-should follow .close uponanswer, until it receives the month, date and time of dayfrom the calendar. Ifthe calendar is busy transmitting information to. some other trunk at that time the trunk is held until thecalendar is free. If sev- \eral trunks are waitingforthe calendar while. in use, the calendar is effective on its release-and reseizure to trans- -.mit the information to all .ofthe trunks simultaneously.

jlfthe subscriber encounters a busy line, or all trunks -or:.alllines busy condition, theusual. busysignal is transmitted. and the subscriber hangs up. -,In this case,-or in .casethe called number does not answer, the call is'registered as incomplete, and no elapsed time or calendar informationis punched onthe tape for that call.

A call originating a-tthe distant non-recorder end of the trunk proceeds in the same manner as described above except that in such event the dialling of the subscribers wownnumber is transmitted over the trunk sothat it'may .be received by the recorder and-a preliminary .punch is not made'inthe tape to indicate that the calling sub- -:scriber is at the non-recorder end (exchange B).

While no specific automatic means have been shown herewith to translate the information from the tape into subscriber bills, a number of methods can be-used depending upon the volume of material to be handled. The volume of calls, of course, determines the amountof revenue which is available for mechanization of tape reading and billing.

. SPECIFIC INSTALLATIONS FOR .TOWNS A. AND B *scribers in the exchange A may have access to the other subscribers in exchange A by dialling the directory number which is'preassigned thereto and may have'access'to the subscribers in exchange B by dialling a given toll number, his own directory number and the directory number of desired subscriber in the remote exchange B. 'Information concerning the call is automatically registered on recorder equipment 23 which is associated with each trunk, such as ,16, at. the recorder end (exchange A), such information including the directory number of the. called party and-calling party and the month, date and time. of

hour of initiation of the call as well as the duration. of

1 the .call.

Specifically, exchange A is illustrated as co'mprising'conventiona-l switchingequipment of the line finder selector link and connector switch classifications. Subscribers of exchange A are arranged to have access to other subscribers in the exchange over associated line circuits, line finder selector links and connector switches by dialling the assigned directory numbers. In the illustrated arrangement, level 7 has been assigned to the to-ll'trunk equipment and accordingly none of the local subscribers will have a first number of seven. The remaining levels 1-6 and 8-9 of the'selector switch are assigned for local subscriber connections. Level 0 has been reserved for use by the subscribers in reaching the toll operator for long distance calls. 'tu-re the line circuits 11, line finder selector links-12, 13

By reason of their conventional naaandathenormal .amountoof .tratfie between the subscribers of exchanges A and B.

Each.trunk:ci-rcnit16 has associated therewith an-individual.recordernnit, such as generally;illustrated-.atw23, which isi-adapted to punch holes-in an associated tape member 504 which filfizilldlCZtiiVE of the information per- ..tainingto each: call established over the associated trunk .circuit. .The. recorder 2.3.comprisesa punchmagnetStlS and a step magnet 500 (Figure 5) which are actuated by contacts 5% on the punch magnet so that the tape 504 is advanced after each registration of .a punch. Step magnet 590 is also arranged to be operated independently by the trunk-equipment 16to produce spaces between the. digits of .eachnumberand betweenthe respective calls registered thereon.

The recorder. end of the arrangement (exchange -A).-.includes a calendar unit 21- and a clock unit 22 and each of the trunks, such as16, atexchange A have access. to

. calendar'zi is protected against seizure while operating,

although if several trunks are waiting as the calendar restores, upon reseizure of the calendar, information is transmitted simultaneously to all trunks awaiting the information.

'The'clock unit 22 is common to all trunks 1'6 and punches the tape once'each minute for the duration of ,each answered call. The clock, which transmits a pulse 'every'fifteen seconds may be connected to any number exchange'A over associated line circuit equipment, such asillustrate'd at 17. Both inward calls (i. e. calls from exchange B) and check calls established over the trunk circuit 16 are extended over the regular links, such as illustrated links 18, 19. Trunk circuit 16 further has access to .a preassigned trunk line, such as generally illustrated at' 24, which extends to associated trunk equipment inexchange B. The trunk line 24 is a composite trunk,that is, 'two way signalling and a talking connec* tion areboth effected thereover.

The equipment at exchange B (non-recorder end) is somewhat less extensive, and comprises a trunk circuit'25 paired with trunk 16 at exchange A and having access over line circuit equipment, such as 26, to regular link equipment 28, 29 for calls incoming to exchange'B as well as for checking purposes. The trunk .25 is accessible to subscribers in exchange B for calls to subscribers in exchange A over somewhat conventional line circuits 32 and line finder selector links 34 and 35, the eighth level of the selector in this example being reserved for such tratlic. Each subscriber of exchange B, such as illustrated subscriber 33, has access to the local subscribers in exchange B over certain other levels of the regular links 34, 35 etc. It is apparent therefrom that the equipment requirements of the arrangement at both stations are small and economical as compared to known ticketing systems.

There are other modifications of exchange layouts and interconnections which are illustrated hereinafter, the particular arrangement of Figure 1 being shown merely for exemplary purposes.

GENERAL OPERATION A. Local calls The operation of the equipment to extend a local call initiated at any one of the telephone substations in exchange A, as'for example the subscriber X at substation 10 to another of the subscribers in exchange A, as for example, the subscriber Y at substation 40 is now set forth briefly hereat, the details of the circuit arrange- 7 ments being omitted in view of their somewhat conventional nature.

The calling subscriber X at substation 10 lifts his receiver from its switch hook in the conventional manner to energize associated line circuit equipment, illustrated generally at 11, which etiects the energization of a preassigned one of a group of associated line finderselector links, such as the one illustrated generally at 12, 13.

Assuming that the illustrated link 12, 13 has been assigned by the equipment for use in the connection initiated by the calling subscriber, the line finder switch 12 of the link now operates to select the line of the calling subscriber X and to connect it through to the conductors of the associated selector switch 13 of the link 12, 13. When the line of calling subscriber X is seized and extended by way of finder switch 12 to the associated selector switch 13, it is marked as busy to the connector switches in the exchange to prevent seizure thereof by any of the other subscribers in the exchange during the extension of the call by the subscriber X. Control equipment in the seized link 12, 13 automatically responds to the impulses of the first digit as transmitted by the conventional impulsing device provided at substation 10 of subscriber X.

In conventional manner each of the subscriber substations is assigned a directory number comprising a hundreds digit, a tens digit, a units digit and a ringing digit and the dialling of these numbers in the order named by a calling subscriber will cause the automatic switches to respond thereto and to select the corresponding one of the subscribers in the exchange. Larger exchanges will, of, course, have thousands digits and possibly ten thousands digits as well.

The operation of exchange switching may best be illustrated by assigning a directory number to the called party v Y, as for example 2214. In extending the call to subscriber Y, subscriber X removes his handset to efiect seizure of an associated link such as 12, 13 and with seizure thereof dial tone is transmitted over the connection to the calling party X to indicate that the directory number may now be dialled. As the subscriber X at station 10 now dials the directory number 2214, the selector switch 13 responds to the impulses of hundreds digit two to select an idle one of the second hundreds group of connector switches, such as illustrated generally at 14.

Assuming the illustrated connector switch 14 is idle and is selected from the second hundreds group by the selector 13, the connector switch 14 will respond to receipt of the tens digit two to select the second group of tens lines which includes the called line 2214. There after and in response to dialling of the units digit 1, the called line having directory number 22]. is selected by the connector from the selected group of tens lines. When the called line has been thus selected, the control apparatus included in the connector circuit functions to test this line for the purpose of determining the busy or idle condition of such line. In the event that the called party line is in use, busy tone is applied over the connection to the calling party to indicate to him that the desired connection with subscriber Y cannot be completed at this time.

Should the called line be idle at the time of selection, the code selection or ringing digit, digit 4, will cause a selected coded ringi g current which is assigned to subscriber Y to be applied to the side of the line to which the ringer of the telephone substation of subscriber Y is connected. During the ringing operation, ring back tone current is a plied to the loop to indicate to the calling party X at substation it} that the substation having directory number 2214 is being signaled.

The connection between the calling and called telephone stations is completed on removal of the receiver at the called telephone substation 4G.

The switching may be of the common control type in which certain of the operating equipment is utilized only in the establishment of the call and is cleared as the called party answers. The switching equipment may also be of the type in which the link utilized in setting up the desired connection is released only when the connection is cleared by the calling or called station.

REVERTING CALLS Switching apparatus located in exchange A may also be utilized in setting up a connection between two telephone stations connected to the same subscriber line, as for example, between parties W and X on line 231. Subscriber W is shown as having directory number 2315. The sole purpose of operation of the apparatus in such application is to apply ringing current of the proper code to the mutual line of the subscribers whereby the party being called may respond to his particular signal. In setting up a connection of this nature, the call is initiated over the line equipment in the manner heretofore described.

Following the dialling of the digits of the directory number of subscriber W by subscriber X, the calling party X replaces his receiver upon its switch hook, whereupon the switching units of link 12, 13 are released and the seized connector switch, such as 14, is held. The ring ing current of the selected code which is assigned to the substation of subscriber W is applied to their mutual line by the seized connector switchv 14, and as the call is answered by the subscriber W, the seized connector switch, link such as 14, is released. The common line circuit 11 is maintained operated however to render the mutual line of the subscribers busy to other connectors, to thereby prevent seizure of the line by a connector switch in the event that another subscriber in the exchange is attempting to extend a call to one of the substations on the line 231 during the use thereof.

Line circuit 11 is released when the connection is released by both subscribers W and X respectively.

SHORT HAUL CONNECTIONS Calls to subscribers in the interconnected short haul exchanges, such as illustrated exchange B, are made by subscribers in exchange A over the same link equipment, such as 12, 13, and the trunk equipment 16. As illustrated in Figure 1, the subscribers of exchange A, such as WXY, have access over a given level of the automatic switches to trunk circuits, such as 16, which are interconnected with cooperating trunk circuits, such as 25, in exchange B by means of trunk lines, such as 24. The trunk circuits are operative to extend the called number of the desired subscriber to the automatic switching equipment at exchange B to establish the desired connection thereat. Calls from the subscribers of exchange B to desired subscribers in exchange A can also be established over the trunk circuits 16-25 and the switching equipment at each of the exchanges A and B.

Briefly, a subscriber in exchange A, such as W, X, Y etc. may gain access to a short haul trunk circuit, such as 16, which extends to exchange B by removing his handset to effect operation of the line circuit 11 in the seizure of an idle link such as 12, 13 and the dialling of the preassigned digit seven responsive to the return of dial tone to the substation by the seized link.

The selector switch 13 of the seized link selects an idle trunk responsive to the dialling of digit 7 by the calling subscriber, and the trunk equipment immediately controls the recorder 23 to insert a preliminary punch on the recorder tape 5M to indicate that the call is being made from the recorder end of the equipment. The trunk 16 further effects the operation of an associated line circuit, such as illustrated at 17, to seize a local line-finder selector link, such as the link indicated at 18, 19, for checking purposes. It is to be understood that this link is a regular exchange link, but may be a special check link, if desired.

The trunk circuit 16 is also operative to seize the as- 9 sociated outgoing trunk line 24 which extends to the short haul exchange B, but maintains the talking circuit thereover open for the present. H

The calling subscriber now dials his own number (2314) for checking and recording purposes, the iii'comingirnpulses being transmitted both to the recorder 23 end the check link 18, 19 but not over the outgoing trunk line 24. A connection is thus established over link 12, 13, trunk 16, the link 18, 19 and connector switch 14 to the calling line 231 in response to the impulses representing that digit.

As the number of the calling party has been received and recorded upon the recorder equipment 23'and the link equipment 18, 19 has been operative to extend the connection back to't he calling line 231, the trunk 16 will flash the connector 14 which supervises the calling line 231 This supervision is carried back through the check link 18, 19 tothe trunk 16 to verify the fact that the calling line 231 has correctly dialled his own digit. After receipt of the verification signal, dialling and talking circuits' are extended to the distant othee B over the trunk line. In the event that the subscriber has erroneously dialled a number other than his own assigned directory number, the trnnk 16 will return busy tone to the subscriber and further dialling will be blocked by the equipmerit to prevent operation of the switches in the distant exchange.

, In either event the check link 18, 19 is thereafter released, and is made available to the other subscribers in the exchange A for further calls.

The calling subscriber 2314 now dials the director-y number of the desired party (3122), andthe impulsesas transmitted over the trunk equipment 16 are registered.

on the tape 504 associated'with the recorder 23. The trunk equipment 16 is operative to advance the tape four steps between the periods of registration of thecalling and called numbers to prevent confusion in reading the tape 504 at a later time.

Simultaneous with the registration of the called numb'er 31-22 on the recorder 23, the trunk 16 transmits the impulses over the interconnecting trunk line 24 to the associated trunk equipment 25 at the non-recorder end B. The seized link thereat, such as illustrated link28, 29 operates in response to the first digit to absorb same, and in response to receipt of the second and third digit to effect selection of the desired subscriber line 312. A fourth or ringing digit is then re'pe ated by the trunk circuit 25 to the connector to eifect the application of the assigned ringing code to the seized one of the subscriber lines 312 to effect ringing of the bell equipment at the desired substation 3122.

As the party at the called subst-ation answers, supervision is transferred, after a delay of about one second, to the trunk 'circuit 16,- to effect further operation of the equipment thereat; a delay ofone second being provided in the 'answercircuit to prevent the false regis'trrtidribf unanswered calls by possible line transients.

As the trunk circuit 16 now receives the answer supervision, it is operative to seize associated common trunk equipment including a calendar 21 and clock 22. C8161]? dar 21 steps the tape 504 on the recorder 23 four spaces, and then proceeds to punch the date and time of day followed by four more spaces and a first minute mark. The calendar thereafter releases for use with other trunk equipment in the establishment of other calls in the exchange. The clock equipment 22 is held for the duration of the call and is operative to transmit further impulses to the trunk every seconds. These pulses drive counting chain equipment in the trunk 16 which causes a punch to be recorded after each advancement of the counting chain over four steps, whereby one minute marks are registered on the recorder during the period of the call.

As either party disconnects following completion of the call, the clock equipment 22 is released by the trunk 1.15.

enemas? The=calli ngzzlink equipmentrll fi etc. is'rele'ased. With the restoration by both parties; the tape 504 is automatically advanced eight steps followed byautomatic' release of the trunk 16 and the calledconnections.

In the event that the call'ha's been unanswered, the equipment wiltbe restored as the calling party restores his receiver, the calendar and clock not having been seizedasa resuIt'ofthefailure to receive answer supervision-from the distant exchange.

Itithe event the call was answered, and one'or both parties hang up before the calendar information is completely registered,- the calendar 21 automatically completes thetransriiission of the information to the recorder 23a-nd operates the punch to provide the one rninute'mark before allowing the'trtink andthe calling link to release.

CALLS AT NON-RECORDER END The establishment of'iocal'calls and reverting calls at the non-recorder end is aecornplished in the same manner as described relative to the establishment of calls from the recorder end to the non-recorder end.

The trunk eirc'uits, such as 25, do not have recorder units, such'as 23', nor does the exchange B have common trunk equipment such as the calendar 21 or clock 20, the equipment at the recorder end (exchange A) being used to record information concerning the calls established by the subscribers of either exchange in either direction. Otherwise the equipment at exchange B is somewhat similar to that of exchange A.

As illustrated in Figure 1, the subscribers at exchange B have'ac'cess to the subscribers at exchange A over the eighth level of the line-finder links such as 34, 35. With the establishment of such calls by a subscriber in exchange B by dialling the digit eight, a trunk circuit, such asinns'rrated trunk 25, is seized and the trunk" 25 immediately energizes its line circuit 26 to seize a link, such as 28 29, for checking purposes, and also seizes the outgoing trunk line 24 without extending the talking circuit thereover. The calling subscriber then dials his assigned directory number to the trunk 25 which repeats same to the selected one of the links 28, 29 to seize the calling line 3122-, and also repeats the impulses to actuate the recorder 23 in the associated trunk 16 at the distant office A to record the directory number of the calling party thereat.

After the equipment at the recorder end has counted the proper number of digits, it flashes the trunk circuit 25 causing disconnect and answer supervision to appear on the 'test conductor (P-wire of the calling line 3122 from which su ervision is transmitted back over the check link 28, 29 to the trunk 25 to verify the calling number as dialled. Afterthis check, the check link 28, 29 is released. The calling-subscriber now receives dial tone indicating that further dialling of the desired subscriber number should be efiected. I

As the directory number of the desired subscriber is now diall ed,-the impulses are transmitted by the trunk 25 over the trunk l ine 24 to the recorder 23 in trunk 16 at exchange A. The connection is registered in trunk 16 as an incoming call and an associated line circuit, such as 17, which has eifected seizure of link equipment such as 18, 19 advances the call through the local equipment including the proper connector switch, such as 14. The

incoming impulses which represent the number of the calling party are also transmitted by trunk 16 to the recorder 23 for registration thereon.

In the event that the subscriber does not answer, no answer punch is recorded on the tape, and the equipment is released as the calling party restores. As the called subscriber answers, answer supervision is provided as before to cause the trunk circuit 16 to seize the common trunk equipment 20, including calendar 21 and clock 22, and the operation thereof is effected as in the case of a call established from the recorder end.

As the parties have completed their call, the release of the trunk equipment is controlled by the calling party at the non-recorder end (rather than by both parties as heretofore described).

TRUNK DESCRIPTION For purposes of simplicity of disclosure, a detailed description of the circuit of the automatic line finder and selector link equipment 18, 19; 12, 13; 28, 29; 34, 35;

Chart 1 TRUNK soc (RECORDER END) Functional Operation 'lest conductor supervision relays.

Battery and ground feed to selector (calling line).

Battery and ground feed to line-finder line.

Slow relay operated by 410.

Hold from dial pulses during each digit; drives digit counting chain.

Auxiliary relay for relays 530 and 520.

Slow relay held by relay 330 controls release of selector.

Auxiliary relay for 370 provides additional contacts and timing functions which are not carried by 370.

Operates at be inning of outgoing call; releases after calling number has been dialled. Control landing and release of check link.

Non-check relay. Operates if improper calling number is dialled; gives busy signal and blocks further dialling.

Calendar pick-up relay. Connects calendar to trunk when call is answered.

Operates after calling number has been dialled; switches dialling circuits, completes talking circuit to distant end of trunk.

Operates after the called number has been dialled;

blocks further dialling, prepares for answer.

Operates when calendar has been picked up; opens calendar pick-up, connects clock to trunk.

Release relays; relay 420 operates when any call enters trunk, prepares circuit for relay 430 which operates when subscriber hangs up; causes tape to run eight steps before trunk releases.

Spacer relay-pulses to Brovidc spaces between calling and called num ers and spaces between ca s.

Digit counting chains. Counts digits dialled; counts spaces between numbers and between calls, counts second pulses from clock to produce one minute punches on tape.

Flip-flop pair controlled from last relay of counting chain. Causes chain to repeat after each round thereby running off four spaces after receiving the four digits of the calling number, and running eight spaces when the chain is started at the end of the call.

Chart 11 TRUNK 2s (NON-RECORDER END) Fiurctional Operation 1 can, pro p 'lest wire supervision relays. 640, 4350 Battery and ground fecd relays to line.

The foregoing relays are the only ones which operate on inward calls. The following relays operate only on outward calls. can Directional relay; operates from connector test wire 1 to indicate outward call.

2 2:), can, l'rifi Operate and release in various combinations under 2 control of relay 640. Prclorrn functions in connection with control of check link and checking of Z calling number.

650 Non-chock relay. Operates when calling number is not dialled properly; gives busy signal and blocks further dialling.

12 Chart III CALENDAR Functional Operations Delay relay (approximately eight seconds) releases calendar and trunk if calendar does not go through complete operation in eight seconds due to failure. Sounds alarm. Condenser discharge renders the relay 850 slow to release. Relay 850 is also slow to operate to prevent line transients which might produce a momentary answer from operating same and seizing the calendar.

Start relay.

Pulsing or driving relays. Drive each other, the step and punch magnets and the counting chain relays 900, 910, 920, 930, 940, and 950.

Stop driving relays 880 and 890.

After each series of punch has taken place so as to prepare for the next series, and provide a stop between various digits of the calendar information.

Starts chain over after five pulses and transfers to other contacts on the five counting chain relays so that they may be used a second time for digits 6 to 0.

Both relays operate at the beginning of the first round of the day switch. Both release at the beginning of the second round of day switch, etc. These relay switches lead from the days tens bank to the proper chain link so that the first ten days of the month will read 0-1 to 0-9, the second ten days 21-29, etc.

Prevent calendar from stepping while giving information; also prevent giving information while calendar is stepping.

Pickup relay. Connects calendar to trunks or trunks provided no other trunk has seized calendar in advance. Prepares locking circuit for 820 in case of a 6 minute pulse during time calendar is sending information. Relay 830 is slowed to release to allow the condenser across the relay S50 to fully charge independent of the windings of relay 860,870 see, 8510..........

850. Stops monthly switch to succeeding month.

Chart IV SWITCHES SS Bank 1 SS Bank 2 SS Bank 3 MO Banks 4 and 3...

MO Bank Used for holding the trunk and calendar relays.

Homing bank. In case of failure of the calendar between points 1-11 or 13-22 the excess banks will restore to either positions of 12 or 1 so that each new call will have a common starting point.

Controls spacing and punching of tape.

Controls the following sequence of operations of the calendar: Point l-3 spaces on tape. Point 2-controls punching of the months tens digit. Point 3controls the punching oi the mouths units digit. Point 4-onc extra space on tape. Point 5controls punching oi the days tens digit. Point (i-controls punching of the days units digit. Point 7-one extra space on tape. Point 8-controls punching of hours tens digit. Point 9controls punching of hours unit digit. Point ill-controls punching of hours tenths digit. Point ll-fivo spaces on tape and first minute punch of talking time.

TH Bank 1 Homing bank. This bank steps the TH banks across positions 11 and 12 to position 13 where the hours tenths hank starts repeating itself. gin arrival at position 23 restores self to posiion 1.

TH Bank 2 Provides circuit to hour magnet at positions ll and 23 so as to register one hour at each position.

'IH Bank 4. Controls tenth of an hour punches on the tape.

HP. Bank 1 Homes all the HR banks after the 24th hour (Position 25).

HR Bank 2 Provides circuit to DA magnet at position 25 so as to register one day at this position.

HR Bank 3 Controls hours tens digit punchings on tape.

HR Bank 4... Controls hours units digit punching on tape.

DA Bank 1..'. Homes all DA banks after 28, 29, 30 and 31 days.

DA Bank 2 Controls the operation and release of relays 1050 and 1060.

DA Bank 3 Controls days tens digit punching on tape.

DA Bank 4... Controls days units digit punchings on tape.

MO Bank 5... Controls months tens digits punchings on tape.

M0 Bank 1 Controls months units digit punching on tape (1st mouth). Control setting of days in each month.

2 Controls months units digit punohiugs on tape (succeeding month). MO Bank 6 Controls relay 1080.

The operation and function of other relays in the ticketing equipment illustrated in the automatic exchange set forth in Figures 2 to 10 inclusive will become apparent with reference to the following detailed explanation.

vRECORDING OFCALL FROMSUBSCRIBERIN EX- CHANGE A TOVA SUBSCRIBER IN'EXCHANGE B A'subscriben'such as X, in exchange A may establish connection with'a desired subscriber, such'as R, in exchangeB by removing the receiver at his calling substation from its associated hook in the conventional {mannerto complete-an energizing circuit for associated hnecircuit equipment illustrated generally at 11.

Line circuitequipment 11 has access to a number of line finder selector links such as the illustrated link 12,

'13 and operates in theconventionalmanner responsive to the removal of the receiver to locate an idle link which, on seizure, extends the connection from the'calling 'line (.2314) tothe selector switch'of the seized link. As- :suming the illustrated link 12,13 to be in theidle condition and the seized one of the links, conventional equip- The link 12,13 conditions itself for receipt of impulses :from the dial of the calling station, and thereafter informs the subscriber X of its prepared condition by the trans :rnission of dialtone over the connection thus far estabslished to the receiver of the calling subscriber X.

In the present embodiment, level 7 has been assigned 'asa service level for extending connections to the subscribers in. exchange B. Therefore, in placing a call to :exchange B the subscriber first dials the digit 7. The dial equipment operates in a conventional manner to al- .ternately interruptand complete the 2 loop circuit to the selector switch to cause same to operatively select the seventh level.

The selector switch 13 is operative with selection of 'the seventh level thereof to select an idle one of the group of trunk circuits, such as the circuit illustrated at .16,

,whcih are associated with level 7 of the selector switch;

to extend the calling line to the seized one .of the trunk .circuits; to complete an operating circuit for a conventional call register meter; and to render the trunk circuit 16 .busy to-the other. links such as 12, 13 which have ac cess thereto. Inthe event that common control equipment is used in the selectors, the restoration of the common control equipment is effected at this time.

Each trunk circuit 16 in the exchange is marked in accordance with its particular condition of operation; that is, when the trunk is busy, ground is connected to its test conductor 211 and if the trunk is idle, absence of ground existson the test conductor 211. Thus as a selector 13 is operated to the seventh level, its trunk test equipment automatically determines which ones of the associated trunk circuits are idle by examining the test conductors and makes a corresponding selection of a trunk from the ones of the group which test idle. Assurning the illustrated trunk 16 is the first trunk in the group and is in the idle condition, absence of ground on its test conductor 211 controls the appropriate test relays in the selector equipment to seize same and switch-through the positive, negative and test conductors 209, 210 and 211 of the selector 13 to the trunk circuit. A detailed explanation of one of many conventional selectors having switching equipment of this type is set forth in the aforeidentified copending application which was filed May 12, 1950 by Arne Oxaal, Serial No. 161,677, and which has been assigned to the present assignee.

TRUNK OPERATION (RECORDER END) OUTWARD CALL As the trunk is seized, an operating circuit is extended to the trunk line relay 330, the circuit extending from negative battery over the upper winding of the line relay 330, conductor 219, the closed contacts of the operated unitsand hundreds relays in selector 13,-. conductor 206, the'iclosed contacts of theoperateditens and unitsrelays in line .finder 12, conductor H202 to the closed .contacts in thesubsetof the callingsubscriberiX, conductor-.201, the closed .contactsof the .units. and hundreds relays. in selector switch 13, conductor 209, and the lower-winding ofathe trunk line relay'330 topositive battery.

Line-relay 330 operates, and at its contacts 332 completes an operatingcircuit for the pulse hold relay 530 in series with thepunch unit 505 of'the recording equipment, the circuit extending from negative battery over the winding of thepun'ch solenoid '5115, conductor 513,

contacts 551, 561, winding of pulse hold relay 530,

conductor 394, contacts 357, conductor 393, contacts '401, conductor 293' and contacts 332 to positive battery. This circuit is operative hereinafter to repeat incoming impulses directly to the recorder 23whereby intermediate translating equipment is eliminated.

Punch. solenoid 505 operates its associated punch member'507 at this time to causesame to place a perforation in a tape memberstl ias an' in'dicatio-n "that the call is an outgoing call from exchange A;tha-t is, each'time a call is extended from exchange A to exchange B a preliminary punch will appear on'the' tape. Calls extended 'from exchange B to exchange Aiwill not have a preliminary punch of this type. Punch solenoid 505 at its contacts 508 completes'an energizing circuit for step sole- 'noid"500, which energizes'to move its associated pawl 502' imposition for subsequent movement of the ratchet wheel503 and the corresponding advancement of the tape one step.

Pulse hold relay5'30 operates, and at its contacts 535 completes an operatingcircui-tfor"slave hold relay 510,

which circuit extends from negative battery overthe winding of relay' '510, contacts535,*548, to'positivebattery to ground.

Trunk line'relay 330-at its contacts 332 also completes "an obvious circuit'for the'switch hold relay 370.

"Switch hold relay 370 operates, and at its contacts'372 completes an operating circuit for the outgoing call control relay 340, the circuit extending from battery over thewinding of outgoing relay 340, contacts 368*and 372 to ground. Switch hold relay 370-operates, and'at'its contacts 371 applies ground to the test wire 211 extending to the selector 13, the ground being applied over contacts 371, 491, conductor 380 and conductor 211 to eifect holding of the selector switch 13 for the duration of the call.

Outgoing call control relay 340 operates and at its contacts 347 lands the call in the distant ofiice; at its contacts 343 seizes a regular line feeder selector link for checking purposes, and at its contacts 342 completes an operating circuit for the associated hold relay 350, the

circuit extending .from battery over the Winding of relay 350 and contacts 342 and'372 to ground.

Associated outgoing hold relay 350 operates, and at its contacts 357 interrupts the energizing circuit for the pulse hold relay 530'and the punch solenoid 505, both'of which now responsively restore; the pulse hold relay 530 being slow to release holds for a given period thereafter. The solenoid 505 in restoring eifects the advancement of the tape member 504 one step.

As the pulse hold relay 530 now restores, it is effective at its contacts 535 to interrupt the holding circuit for associate hold relay 510, which is slow to release and thus maintains its contacts 512 closed for a brief time after the pulse hold relay 530 has restored. In this manner an operating circuit is momentarily completed for the solenoid stepping magnet 500 in the recorder 23, thecircuit extending from negative battery over the winding of the step solenoid for conductor 528, contacts 559, 512, 525,

'536 and 548 to ground. After the expiration of the'given which likewise restores to cause itsassociated mechanism to advance the tape member 504 one step. 

